Peterloo Massacre Bloopers

Peterloo Massacre

Peterloo Massacre

Grade update

I have now graded Hyun Jin, Joon Hong, Vlad, Bubble, Yi,  Kristyna and Alessio.   Please note your grade and if you would like to know your summative grade thus far, please see me personally.  In addition, I would like to remind you that this week your storyboards should be in and your research should be completed.  You will have Monday, Tuesday and Thursday to complete the above tasks.  Please, for your own sakes, do not limit your working hours to class time.  If you want anything above a C  you must put a serious amount of your own time into your project. 

Here is a great site for research.

www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jbs/currant

Grade update

Thus far, I have read and graded Sang Hag,  Ajnai, Elle, Daniel, and Ido, please refer to my postings.  The rest of your posts will be graded by tomorrow night.  Thus far, I have noticed many of you have struggled with the concepts of a summary and what that all includes and the fragile line between summarizing versus plagiarism (idea along with actual).  We will be working on this skill, as plagiarism is unacceptable and you must learn to be able to articulate your ideas in your OWN words.  For those of you who this pertains to, please take the opportunity to rewrite your article for full credit.  If you have any questions, please see me. 

 For those of you whom I have not yet graded, if my above words apply to you in any way, I would encourage you to fix the problem before tomorrow.

Yi Lin - Women Miners in the English Coal Pits

The article talks about female miners working in the mines. The girls would not have different clothes with the boys, and had to perform regular underground work, same number of hours as boys and men. There is no distinction of sex. The men would work in the mines without any clothing, working with the girls of 6 yrs old to women of 21 yrs old.
The girls would work at a place where was not 2 feet high; some of them were at the age of puberty. Their sex was recognized only by their breasts. They had to go into the mines and fill the corves 18 or 20 times a day. Often, the men would force the girls to have a relationship with them.
Betty Harris went into the mines when she was married. She works from 6am to 6pm, with an hour of lunch time. The mine was always wet; her clothes would be wet all day long. Her cousin would look after her children while she goes to work. She receives family abuses from her husband when she gets home.
Patience Kershaw was another example of the female miners, she was 17, and she had to work from 5 o’clock in the morning to 5 o’clock at night.

Hyun Jin - Women miners in the English Coal Pits

In the colliers, girls and boys didn't have andy different clothes to put on and nobody really cared on what they wore or even how much they covered. J. C. Symons, the sub-commissioner who visited the Hunshelf Colliery, talks about how young girls worked in the same places as boys and being stark naked down to the waist and many of the girls working there were in the age of puberty and the only way of recognizing their gender was by their breasts. Most of the men there were also stark naked or had a flannel waistcoast to cover themselves. The girl's clothes, which was mainly just a trousers, had holes in them and Symons says that it's as bad as a brothel because of the indecency and the lack of covering. The girls had to go 15-20times a day into a dark chamber where men who's either stark naked or has only a flannel waistcoast to cover themselves are which indicates that there could be several sexual relationships that is wrong morally.
Two examples of female miners would be Betty Harris and Patience Kershaw. Betty entered the collier when she got married. She neither reads nor writes. She works from 6am to 6 pm and gets an hour to eat her dinner at noon. She wears a belt around her waist and her work is always wet so she is always soaked all day long. Her cousin looks after her two children and her husband sometimes beat her because she wasn't ready. Patience Kershaw at the age of 17, goes to eh pit at 5 am until 5 pm.

The life of the Industrial workers in 19 century

The article about a life of the Industrial workers around 19 century describe to us a lot of important and also interesting things about the situation and conditions during this time inside the factories. We can read at the article about the conversations of few people, who described to us their's life during their's work, their's conditions, which were extremely bad. If you read the article you will see, that all these people who worked at the factories or some like that started go to work very early, like at age 6-8, which must be horrible. Usually they worked around 16 and more hours per one day. They worked for a little profit(money). Everybody people from this article lived far away from the place where worked every day, probably like 2 and more miles from their work.
They did not have a time for their family, when they came to home, they just looked for a food and than hurry up go to bed because in early morning they must go to the work again! Also if they came just little bit late than at the right time they were beaten and punished from a merchants, and it happened very often. Also people who worked in the factories or some like that, they had only like one hour for their food(lunch). Huge problem was also the diseases for example the black plague was very famous at this time. This usually happened inside the factories, because they must go to the work even than they were sick between the workers it was spread and many people(workers) died.
Also was described at the article the conditions before and during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution probably should happen, but it not took only advantages and goods for us life. Majority of people at this time starved and smarted because of food, conditions, diseases, no money, everything what people usually must do was their job. They did not have a time for anything, also mostly people could not have a good education because they did not have a time for studying.
People who told us their real story told almost everything the same like others, which was that they worked usually like 16-18 hours per day, the interval for their food was like just one hour per all their day in the factories, they were beaten by merchants, they lived far away from their factories, they did not have a time be with own family, no education, diseases etc. So if we will summary this time for people who must work etc, so it was very bad time period but for a new generation and technology it was perfect.

Bubble: Lowell Mill Girls

It is a autobiography of Harriet Hanson Robinson who was the wife of a newspaper editor, who worked in the factory from the age of 10 to 24 in the textile Mills of Lowell in Massachusetts.

She is basically talking about her early ages which she spend working in the factories during 1832-1848 explaining the general living conditions of the woman at that time from her point of view. The working conditions were difficult. They had to work very long hours. They were treated like slaves without respect. The little money they were earning couldn't be spent by them but rather spent for the education of the male member of the family. Unfortunately girls had very limited education opportunities (only seven vocations school were in New England). They had no legal rights either. The law did not recognize woman as a money spender. A father could exclude his daughter from his will. There were other jobs available for woman such as being a servant, tailor or teacher however the money earned was comparably less. Therefore a lot of people from distant places came to Lowell to work ın the millsthey were working long hours at the mill despite their young age. Even by law working hours decreased to 10, in practice it was not applied.

The mill owners decided to cut the rages and the girls decided to go on a strike. In 1836 one of the girls made a speech in public stating to resist wage cut. This was the firs time a woman made a speech to the public. However the strike was not successful as they went back to work with reduced wages. This was an early attempt and many other strikes followed.

JoonHong: Report on Sanitary Conditions

That various forms of epidemic, endemic wherever its attacks are frequent, is always foundin connection with the physical circumstances above specified, and that where those circumstances are removed by drainage, proper cleansing, better ventilation, and other means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the frequency and intensity of such disease is abated, and where the removal of the noxious agencies appears to be complete, such disease almost entirely disappears.

That of the 43000 cases of widowhood, and 112000 case of destitute orphanage relieved from the poor's rates in England and Wales alone, it appears that the greatest proportion of death of the heads of families occurred from the above specified and other removable causes, that their ages were under 45 years.

The high prosperity in respect to employment and wages, and various and abundant food, have afforded to the labourung classes classes no exemptions from attacks of epidemic disease, which have been as frequent and as fatal in periods of commercial and manufactoring prosperity as in any others.

Alessio: Life of nineteenth century workers in London

In the article read the shceme typicall recalls the scheme of an interview meaning that there are no paragraphs, but the direct dialogue of the actuall interview written down on paper. This means that there is not just one author but more than one (all the people called to whitness), Though even if there is more than one author, they all share one charachteristic; they all used to work in factories in their early stages of their life and they are all poor.

The article describes the life of nineteenth century workers in London, following step by step the Sadler investigation which dealt with child labour in factories during that period of time. It also decribes life in factories, working periods, working conditions and especially family life affected by child labour. But especially it concentrates on how children were abused, usually beaten to be kept under controll, trying allways to keep the audience ( the goverment and the whole population), shocked so that they would understand how bad conditions actually were in factories, but most important how these facts were kept hidden.

Some of the working condtions stated by the interviwed were: Regular beatings for being late, long working hours especially during great productivity periods, how they were forced to walk long distances to reach work, or forced to work in mines for long periods, only having one hour of break per day, reciving low wages, with no family contact, no education, exceessive labour and short resting periods.

In conclusion we may say that they main concerns debated in the article were the ones of child labour and the life of workers in the nineteenth century, majorly fixing its point on letting the whole of England understand what was happening under their nose, what life, England's youth was forced to live. So that by the end of this investigation things could change and child labour could be abolished and working conditions made better.

Kristýna: The Peterloo Massacre

The author of this article (Charles W. Colby), is trying to approximate, what happened on August 16 1819 (Peterloo Massacre).
I think that the author is credible and reliable, because he writes clearly and factually-true facts.

After the Battle of Waterloo began to call for reforms. Interest was mainly to maintain price-cheap bread. Therefore, started riots and loss of life. In 1819 it resulted in the Peterloo Massacre. On this day, August 16 was on Sv.Peter's field organized the assembly next to the Church.The maintenance of order should be in charge of Lancashire militia.

Assembly meeting on 80 000 people with requests:
"No Corn Laws"," Annual Parliaments", " Universal Suffrage"," Vote By Ballot". In various parts of the crowd around him and the soldiers were on horses. Everybody waited for Mr. Hunt and his speech. The soldiers began to wave the sword and intimidate crowd . Commanding officer with the help of the sword took Mr.Hunt and few several people. Mr.Hunt urged people to calm, but arrests and screaming of soldiers "Have at their flags!" Led people running in all directions far away. Many people were trampled by horses and men, or killed by the sword. In only 10 minutes was the end of the whole congregation. Several people were killed and approximately 300 to 400 people injured.
Mr.Hunt ended up in jail, but a sympathizers in every part of the island

Ido. The Peterloo Massacre.

On the 16th of august 1819 a crowd of reformers started gathering around the st. Peter's Field, next to a church in Manchester. On the stage there were signs saying ''No Corn Laws'', ''Annual Parliaments'', ''Universal Suffrage'' etc. Groups of reformers started coming one by one. Female reformers came in two groups and one group of reformers even timed their steps. Soon the crowd gathered and the amount of people was about 80,000. They were all waiting to hear Henry Huny speak.

Hunt started speaking and did not say much when suddenly the yeomanry cavalry started advancing towards the crowd. This cause a panic on the ends of the crowd. The yeomanry cavalry stopped, and drew out their swords, and waved them in the air. Hunt told the crowd not to be afraid and that it is just a trick to make them scared, so the crowd cheered to show that they are not bothered by them. Soon the cavalry charged the helpless crowd which made no resistance.

The head of the cavalry headed towards hunt, drawing his swords towards him saying he was his prisoner, Hunt surrendered and was hand to the principal police officer. Some others that had warrents against them managed to escape.

The Soldiers were not pleased with that and started charging at the crowd. People started running in all directions to escape, but the soldiers attacked everyone and killed several people. In less than ten minutes there was no one left on the ground where the crowd used to be. The total number of injured was between three and four hundred people. Hunt was taken to prison in solitary. Military patrols were stationed at the end of almost every street.

Elle: Lowell Mill Girls

The author of this article is Harriet Hanson Robinson. She from the young age of 10 in order to help her family seeked out work in the mills of Lowell Massachusetts. She worked there from 1834 to 1848. In 1832 the prospect of working in the mills was made appealing as high wages were told to be offered to all classes of workpeople. This attracted mechanics, farmer’s sons and lonely dependant women.

The factory girl was subjected to influences that demolished her self worth and innocence. She was nothing more than a slave to be beaten, pinched and pushed about by her overseer. To flatter this image high wages were offered to prospective women. Early mill girls ranged in ages from not even 10 which were known as doffers, sixteen to twenty-five and some of middle age. Doffers worked for 15 minutes every hour replacing full bobbins from spinningframes with empty ones. If the overseer was kind the rest of the time was spent reading, knitting, or playing in the mill yard. They were paid $2 a week. Working hours for all began at 5 in the morning to 7 in the evening with a half hour each for breakfast and dinner. To their advantage few years later the ten hour law was passed limiting their working hours. Mill girls whom had homes would work 8-10 months of the year and the rest of the time was spent with family or friends whilst few taught in school during those free months of summer.

An incentive under which a dominant amount of mill girls worked for was to either educate a brother, son and in some cases someone who wasn’t even a relative. The ability to possess their own money influenced women’s characters greatly. As late as 1840 there were only 7 vocations in which women had entered. Women had no property rights, they were to only inherit a home from their fathers if remained single and widows would be left without her share of her husband’s property. They were not capable of spending their own money or anyone else’s. They were seen as a ward, appendage or relict. If a women worked as a servant or help she would earn 50 cents to €1 a week, if visited different homes everyday to spin and weave or work as a tailors would earn 75 cents and her meals for the week.

One of the first strikes to take place was that in Lowell in 1836 when it was announced that wages were to be cut down. The mills were shut down and girls would go to Chapel Hill to listen to speeches from early reformers. It was then that one girl stood upon a pump and expressed her companion’s feelings declaring that it was their obligation to resist attempts to lower wages. However the corporation would not come to terms and girls tired returned to their jobs with reduced wages. This strike gave way to many succeeding strikes on the account of wages in the future.

Ajnai:Observations on the Filth of the Thames

Sir.

I travelled today by steam-boat between London and Hangerford Bridges between half-past one and two o'clock. The two things that got on my attention were the smell and the look of the river. The river had a colour of pale brown fluid. In order to test it I tore up few pieces of white paper and dipped into the river about an inch. The colour was indistinguishable even though the sun shone brightly. This happened at St. Paul's Wharf, Blackfriars Bridge, Temple Wharf, Southwark Bridge, and Hungerford; and I have no doubt that the same thing would have occurred further up and down the river.

The smell was very bad, it was the same as that which now comes up from the sewers in the streets; feels like if the whole river a sewer. Maybe its because that I just returned from the country that the air smells bad, I was glad when entered the streets, where the air was better than that was near the river.

I have thought it a duty to record these facts, that those who are responsible for our great river; I haven’t exaggerated: they are the simply the truth. We should not allow our river Thames that go miles and through London to become a fermenting sewer. The condition in which I saw the Thames is unacceptable, if we allow this to happen even further: the river itself could be in an impossible state.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

M. FARADAY.
Royal Institution, July 7

Daniel: Rural Hygiene

Florence Nightingale in this article writes about Hygiene in rural areas. She says that many homes have been deemed "unfit for human habitation" due to bad sanitation, but people still lived there. Slopwater was also often dumped right outside of houses and left to stagnate and there would be large piles of refuse right under the windows.

Water supplies in small villages often were shallow wells, which were uncovered. These were often located near privy pits, pigsty's and large piles of house refuse. Therefore whenever there were heavy rains all this waste flowed into the water supply and people often complained of their water being "thick". Furthermore many cesspit privies were located near wells so all the fitlh would leak into the wells. These cesspit privies were emptied once or twice a year and sometimes emptying was not necessary! (the excrements drained away into the ground or water supply).

Ashpits and rubbish piles were also located near water supplies (Into these piles was also dumped the excrements from the privies). Waste from these piles would often get inot the water supply and also children would play around or even in them. These piles were removed about 2 to 3 times a year though this was often not true.

In the end Florence Nightingale gives a brief guide on how to keep your water supply safe. This is to be done by not dumping any waste near the house or water supply. Also no water is to be left to stagnate in pools anywhere and waste is to be removed to allotments often since this will not only help sanitation but will also provide manure for crops which will help them grow.

Sanghag-Industrial Manchester

The author, Friedrich Engels was born in Germany but, his father was manufacturer and his father’s factory was in Manchester. He worked as his father’s agent in Manchester so that he experienced all bad working conditions.

Manchester became most popular industrial city in the world because Manchester had number of advantages from their geography. For example, Manchester was close to the Atlantic port of Liverpool, the water power of the Pennine mountain chain, and the coal mines of central Lancashire.

It seems like good to be industrial city but, it had lots of bad effects behind. Most parts of Manchester had poor conditions of dwelling. Streets were very narrow and winding so that two or more people couldn’t go together at the same time. And it was very dirty for people. You could easily see the piles of debris, the refuse, filth, and offal on the street. The workers in Manchester had to live with all these kind of dirt. If you just look what they have done, it looks wonderful but, all workers achieved succeed in industrial with terrible working condition.

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