In the colliers, girls and boys didn't have andy different clothes to put on and nobody really cared on what they wore or even how much they covered. J. C. Symons, the sub-commissioner who visited the Hunshelf Colliery, talks about how young girls worked in the same places as boys and being stark naked down to the waist and many of the girls working there were in the age of puberty and the only way of recognizing their gender was by their breasts. Most of the men there were also stark naked or had a flannel waistcoast to cover themselves. The girl's clothes, which was mainly just a trousers, had holes in them and Symons says that it's as bad as a brothel because of the indecency and the lack of covering. The girls had to go 15-20times a day into a dark chamber where men who's either stark naked or has only a flannel waistcoast to cover themselves are which indicates that there could be several sexual relationships that is wrong morally.
Two examples of female miners would be Betty Harris and Patience Kershaw. Betty entered the collier when she got married. She neither reads nor writes. She works from 6am to 6 pm and gets an hour to eat her dinner at noon. She wears a belt around her waist and her work is always wet so she is always soaked all day long. Her cousin looks after her two children and her husband sometimes beat her because she wasn't ready. Patience Kershaw at the age of 17, goes to eh pit at 5 am until 5 pm.
Sunday, September 21, 2008
The life of the Industrial workers in 19 century
The article about a life of the Industrial workers around 19 century describe to us a lot of important and also interesting things about the situation and conditions during this time inside the factories. We can read at the article about the conversations of few people, who described to us their's life during their's work, their's conditions, which were extremely bad. If you read the article you will see, that all these people who worked at the factories or some like that started go to work very early, like at age 6-8, which must be horrible. Usually they worked around 16 and more hours per one day. They worked for a little profit(money). Everybody people from this article lived far away from the place where worked every day, probably like 2 and more miles from their work.
They did not have a time for their family, when they came to home, they just looked for a food and than hurry up go to bed because in early morning they must go to the work again! Also if they came just little bit late than at the right time they were beaten and punished from a merchants, and it happened very often. Also people who worked in the factories or some like that, they had only like one hour for their food(lunch). Huge problem was also the diseases for example the black plague was very famous at this time. This usually happened inside the factories, because they must go to the work even than they were sick between the workers it was spread and many people(workers) died.
Also was described at the article the conditions before and during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution probably should happen, but it not took only advantages and goods for us life. Majority of people at this time starved and smarted because of food, conditions, diseases, no money, everything what people usually must do was their job. They did not have a time for anything, also mostly people could not have a good education because they did not have a time for studying.
People who told us their real story told almost everything the same like others, which was that they worked usually like 16-18 hours per day, the interval for their food was like just one hour per all their day in the factories, they were beaten by merchants, they lived far away from their factories, they did not have a time be with own family, no education, diseases etc. So if we will summary this time for people who must work etc, so it was very bad time period but for a new generation and technology it was perfect.
They did not have a time for their family, when they came to home, they just looked for a food and than hurry up go to bed because in early morning they must go to the work again! Also if they came just little bit late than at the right time they were beaten and punished from a merchants, and it happened very often. Also people who worked in the factories or some like that, they had only like one hour for their food(lunch). Huge problem was also the diseases for example the black plague was very famous at this time. This usually happened inside the factories, because they must go to the work even than they were sick between the workers it was spread and many people(workers) died.
Also was described at the article the conditions before and during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution probably should happen, but it not took only advantages and goods for us life. Majority of people at this time starved and smarted because of food, conditions, diseases, no money, everything what people usually must do was their job. They did not have a time for anything, also mostly people could not have a good education because they did not have a time for studying.
People who told us their real story told almost everything the same like others, which was that they worked usually like 16-18 hours per day, the interval for their food was like just one hour per all their day in the factories, they were beaten by merchants, they lived far away from their factories, they did not have a time be with own family, no education, diseases etc. So if we will summary this time for people who must work etc, so it was very bad time period but for a new generation and technology it was perfect.
Saturday, September 20, 2008
Bubble: Lowell Mill Girls
It is a autobiography of Harriet Hanson Robinson who was the wife of a newspaper editor, who worked in the factory from the age of 10 to 24 in the textile Mills of Lowell in Massachusetts.
She is basically talking about her early ages which she spend working in the factories during 1832-1848 explaining the general living conditions of the woman at that time from her point of view. The working conditions were difficult. They had to work very long hours. They were treated like slaves without respect. The little money they were earning couldn't be spent by them but rather spent for the education of the male member of the family. Unfortunately girls had very limited education opportunities (only seven vocations school were in New England). They had no legal rights either. The law did not recognize woman as a money spender. A father could exclude his daughter from his will. There were other jobs available for woman such as being a servant, tailor or teacher however the money earned was comparably less. Therefore a lot of people from distant places came to Lowell to work ın the millsthey were working long hours at the mill despite their young age. Even by law working hours decreased to 10, in practice it was not applied.
The mill owners decided to cut the rages and the girls decided to go on a strike. In 1836 one of the girls made a speech in public stating to resist wage cut. This was the firs time a woman made a speech to the public. However the strike was not successful as they went back to work with reduced wages. This was an early attempt and many other strikes followed.
She is basically talking about her early ages which she spend working in the factories during 1832-1848 explaining the general living conditions of the woman at that time from her point of view. The working conditions were difficult. They had to work very long hours. They were treated like slaves without respect. The little money they were earning couldn't be spent by them but rather spent for the education of the male member of the family. Unfortunately girls had very limited education opportunities (only seven vocations school were in New England). They had no legal rights either. The law did not recognize woman as a money spender. A father could exclude his daughter from his will. There were other jobs available for woman such as being a servant, tailor or teacher however the money earned was comparably less. Therefore a lot of people from distant places came to Lowell to work ın the millsthey were working long hours at the mill despite their young age. Even by law working hours decreased to 10, in practice it was not applied.
The mill owners decided to cut the rages and the girls decided to go on a strike. In 1836 one of the girls made a speech in public stating to resist wage cut. This was the firs time a woman made a speech to the public. However the strike was not successful as they went back to work with reduced wages. This was an early attempt and many other strikes followed.
JoonHong: Report on Sanitary Conditions
That various forms of epidemic, endemic wherever its attacks are frequent, is always foundin connection with the physical circumstances above specified, and that where those circumstances are removed by drainage, proper cleansing, better ventilation, and other means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the frequency and intensity of such disease is abated, and where the removal of the noxious agencies appears to be complete, such disease almost entirely disappears.
That of the 43000 cases of widowhood, and 112000 case of destitute orphanage relieved from the poor's rates in England and Wales alone, it appears that the greatest proportion of death of the heads of families occurred from the above specified and other removable causes, that their ages were under 45 years.
The high prosperity in respect to employment and wages, and various and abundant food, have afforded to the labourung classes classes no exemptions from attacks of epidemic disease, which have been as frequent and as fatal in periods of commercial and manufactoring prosperity as in any others.
That of the 43000 cases of widowhood, and 112000 case of destitute orphanage relieved from the poor's rates in England and Wales alone, it appears that the greatest proportion of death of the heads of families occurred from the above specified and other removable causes, that their ages were under 45 years.
The high prosperity in respect to employment and wages, and various and abundant food, have afforded to the labourung classes classes no exemptions from attacks of epidemic disease, which have been as frequent and as fatal in periods of commercial and manufactoring prosperity as in any others.
Alessio: Life of nineteenth century workers in London
In the article read the shceme typicall recalls the scheme of an interview meaning that there are no paragraphs, but the direct dialogue of the actuall interview written down on paper. This means that there is not just one author but more than one (all the people called to whitness), Though even if there is more than one author, they all share one charachteristic; they all used to work in factories in their early stages of their life and they are all poor.
The article describes the life of nineteenth century workers in London, following step by step the Sadler investigation which dealt with child labour in factories during that period of time. It also decribes life in factories, working periods, working conditions and especially family life affected by child labour. But especially it concentrates on how children were abused, usually beaten to be kept under controll, trying allways to keep the audience ( the goverment and the whole population), shocked so that they would understand how bad conditions actually were in factories, but most important how these facts were kept hidden.
Some of the working condtions stated by the interviwed were: Regular beatings for being late, long working hours especially during great productivity periods, how they were forced to walk long distances to reach work, or forced to work in mines for long periods, only having one hour of break per day, reciving low wages, with no family contact, no education, exceessive labour and short resting periods.
In conclusion we may say that they main concerns debated in the article were the ones of child labour and the life of workers in the nineteenth century, majorly fixing its point on letting the whole of England understand what was happening under their nose, what life, England's youth was forced to live. So that by the end of this investigation things could change and child labour could be abolished and working conditions made better.
The article describes the life of nineteenth century workers in London, following step by step the Sadler investigation which dealt with child labour in factories during that period of time. It also decribes life in factories, working periods, working conditions and especially family life affected by child labour. But especially it concentrates on how children were abused, usually beaten to be kept under controll, trying allways to keep the audience ( the goverment and the whole population), shocked so that they would understand how bad conditions actually were in factories, but most important how these facts were kept hidden.
Some of the working condtions stated by the interviwed were: Regular beatings for being late, long working hours especially during great productivity periods, how they were forced to walk long distances to reach work, or forced to work in mines for long periods, only having one hour of break per day, reciving low wages, with no family contact, no education, exceessive labour and short resting periods.
In conclusion we may say that they main concerns debated in the article were the ones of child labour and the life of workers in the nineteenth century, majorly fixing its point on letting the whole of England understand what was happening under their nose, what life, England's youth was forced to live. So that by the end of this investigation things could change and child labour could be abolished and working conditions made better.
Kristýna: The Peterloo Massacre
The author of this article (Charles W. Colby), is trying to approximate, what happened on August 16 1819 (Peterloo Massacre).
I think that the author is credible and reliable, because he writes clearly and factually-true facts.
After the Battle of Waterloo began to call for reforms. Interest was mainly to maintain price-cheap bread. Therefore, started riots and loss of life. In 1819 it resulted in the Peterloo Massacre. On this day, August 16 was on Sv.Peter's field organized the assembly next to the Church.The maintenance of order should be in charge of Lancashire militia.
Assembly meeting on 80 000 people with requests:
"No Corn Laws"," Annual Parliaments", " Universal Suffrage"," Vote By Ballot". In various parts of the crowd around him and the soldiers were on horses. Everybody waited for Mr. Hunt and his speech. The soldiers began to wave the sword and intimidate crowd . Commanding officer with the help of the sword took Mr.Hunt and few several people. Mr.Hunt urged people to calm, but arrests and screaming of soldiers "Have at their flags!" Led people running in all directions far away. Many people were trampled by horses and men, or killed by the sword. In only 10 minutes was the end of the whole congregation. Several people were killed and approximately 300 to 400 people injured.
Mr.Hunt ended up in jail, but a sympathizers in every part of the island
I think that the author is credible and reliable, because he writes clearly and factually-true facts.
After the Battle of Waterloo began to call for reforms. Interest was mainly to maintain price-cheap bread. Therefore, started riots and loss of life. In 1819 it resulted in the Peterloo Massacre. On this day, August 16 was on Sv.Peter's field organized the assembly next to the Church.The maintenance of order should be in charge of Lancashire militia.
Assembly meeting on 80 000 people with requests:
"No Corn Laws"," Annual Parliaments", " Universal Suffrage"," Vote By Ballot". In various parts of the crowd around him and the soldiers were on horses. Everybody waited for Mr. Hunt and his speech. The soldiers began to wave the sword and intimidate crowd . Commanding officer with the help of the sword took Mr.Hunt and few several people. Mr.Hunt urged people to calm, but arrests and screaming of soldiers "Have at their flags!" Led people running in all directions far away. Many people were trampled by horses and men, or killed by the sword. In only 10 minutes was the end of the whole congregation. Several people were killed and approximately 300 to 400 people injured.
Mr.Hunt ended up in jail, but a sympathizers in every part of the island
Ido. The Peterloo Massacre.
On the 16th of august 1819 a crowd of reformers started gathering around the st. Peter's Field, next to a church in Manchester. On the stage there were signs saying ''No Corn Laws'', ''Annual Parliaments'', ''Universal Suffrage'' etc. Groups of reformers started coming one by one. Female reformers came in two groups and one group of reformers even timed their steps. Soon the crowd gathered and the amount of people was about 80,000. They were all waiting to hear Henry Huny speak.
Hunt started speaking and did not say much when suddenly the yeomanry cavalry started advancing towards the crowd. This cause a panic on the ends of the crowd. The yeomanry cavalry stopped, and drew out their swords, and waved them in the air. Hunt told the crowd not to be afraid and that it is just a trick to make them scared, so the crowd cheered to show that they are not bothered by them. Soon the cavalry charged the helpless crowd which made no resistance.
The head of the cavalry headed towards hunt, drawing his swords towards him saying he was his prisoner, Hunt surrendered and was hand to the principal police officer. Some others that had warrents against them managed to escape.
The Soldiers were not pleased with that and started charging at the crowd. People started running in all directions to escape, but the soldiers attacked everyone and killed several people. In less than ten minutes there was no one left on the ground where the crowd used to be. The total number of injured was between three and four hundred people. Hunt was taken to prison in solitary. Military patrols were stationed at the end of almost every street.
Hunt started speaking and did not say much when suddenly the yeomanry cavalry started advancing towards the crowd. This cause a panic on the ends of the crowd. The yeomanry cavalry stopped, and drew out their swords, and waved them in the air. Hunt told the crowd not to be afraid and that it is just a trick to make them scared, so the crowd cheered to show that they are not bothered by them. Soon the cavalry charged the helpless crowd which made no resistance.
The head of the cavalry headed towards hunt, drawing his swords towards him saying he was his prisoner, Hunt surrendered and was hand to the principal police officer. Some others that had warrents against them managed to escape.
The Soldiers were not pleased with that and started charging at the crowd. People started running in all directions to escape, but the soldiers attacked everyone and killed several people. In less than ten minutes there was no one left on the ground where the crowd used to be. The total number of injured was between three and four hundred people. Hunt was taken to prison in solitary. Military patrols were stationed at the end of almost every street.
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